?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????-????????. ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?-1,200 HV ????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? – ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?-0.1 ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????????: ????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??, ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?-15 ??. ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ?-5 ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?-0.2 ???? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???.
????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? – ????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ?????, ???? ???? ????? ???, ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?????????, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?-0.01 ?????, ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? "????? ?????? ????????". ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?-2 ?????, ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??apas??? ?????????. ?????? ????? ?????? enthelo ??? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? (Plumbing Efficiency Research Coalition) ???? 2023, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?-98% ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????, ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????.
??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? – ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?-500,000 ??????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?-30 ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???. ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? (???? ?-0.1 ??????) ?? ??????? ????????-???????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ???????, ????? ? log?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?-70 ???? ????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ???.
??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? 2023 ???? ????? ?? 92% ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????, ?? ??? ?????? ?-15,000 ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?-5,000 ???????. ????? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????: ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? 91% ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? — ????? ?????? ???? 15 ??? ????? — ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? 240 ???? ??????? ????????, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?-4,000 ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???, ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????.
?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????: ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????.
????? ??????? (2023) ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?-92% ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????-????????, ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???. ?????, ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? '??????' ????? ??????? ???? ????.
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|---|---|---|
| ????? | ????? ??? ?? 90° | ???? ??????? ????? ?? 360° ?????? |
| ??? ???? | ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? | ???? ???? |
| ????? ????? | <0.1% ??? ???? ?????? | 27% ??? ??? ???? ???? |
| ?????? | ???? ??? (????? ???? ?? ????? ?????) | ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? |
??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????: ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?-40%, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??????.
????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????-???:
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? — ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? — ????? ????? ??????? ????.
???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????:
????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?-92% ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? — ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????.
EN